The Android operating system is the most widely used on various mobile platforms around the world. It will have around 75% of the global market share by the end of 2020. A company like the Open Handset Alliance has developed the first Android that is based on the controlled version of the Linux kernel and other open-source software. In early 2005, Google sponsored the project and the management of the entire company. In September 2008, the first Android device was launched, the cellular industry domain due to numerous features such as ease of use, excellent community support, customization, and manufacturing of Android devices in large enterprises as a result, the market is examining the Demands of Devices Enabled for Android Development with Smart Developers. Therefore, the Android operating system became a complete set of operating systems for various devices, such as handheld devices, cell phones, laptops, smart TVs, tablets, set-top boxes, etc.
What is an Android operating system?
Android is a powerful operating system and supports a wide variety of applications on smartphones. These applications are more convenient and advanced for users. The hardware supported by Android software is based on the ARM architecture platform. Android is an open-source operating system, which means that it is free and anyone can use it. it has millions of apps available that can help you manage your life one way or another, and it’s cheap in the market, which is why Android is very popular.
Android development supports the full Java programming language. Other packages that are API and JSE are also not supported. The first version 1.0 of the Android Development Kit (SDK) was released in 2008 and the latest updated version is Jelly Bean.
Android Hardware
The main platform compatible with Android is the ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) architecture. ARM is one of the most licensed and therefore most powerful processor cores in the world. The following rights on the supply of energy and the perception of energy are used in portable rights. Various Android cell phones, laptops and tablets, Dell Dell Streak, Samsung Galaxy Tab, family, and other devices using Android devices. HTC Dream was the first Android phone to be released on October 22, 2008.
ANDROID ENVIRONMENT
As mentioned earlier, Android is open source, which means that you can download the Android source code, customize it, and use it for your purposes.
ANDROID FEATURES
Application framework that enables the reuse and replacement of components.
Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices.
Integrated browser based on the open-source WebKit engine.
Graphics optimized with a user-defined 2D graphics library: 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (optional hardware acceleration).
SQLite for structured data storage.
Media weighting for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF).
GSM telephony (according to hardware).
Bluetooth, Edge, 3G, and WiFi hardware (depending on hardware).
Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (depending on hardware).
Comprehensive development solution with a device emulator for
Android Architecture
Linux kernel
Libraries
Android runtime
Application framework
Applications
Linux kernel
Android was built on the open-source Linux 2.6 kernel. The Android stack is designed to be flexible. A Linux kernel provides a basic hardware abstraction layer as well as basic services such as process, memory, and file system management. All can say that Linux is such an operating system that Android relies on its powerful core functions to mold itself and offer services.
Android runtime
The Android runtime provides a key component called the Dalvik Virtual Machine, a type of Java Virtual Machine. It was developed and optimized for Android. Dalvik VM is the virtual process machine in Android Act. It is software that runs applications on Android devices.
The Dalvik virtual machine uses core Linux functions such as memory management and multithreading in Java. Dalvik VM is the head of the Android application and enables its process processes. Dalvik VM will issue the rights in .dex format.
Application framework
The application framework layer offers many higher-level services to applications such as window manager, display system, package manager, resource manager, etc. Application developers can use these services in their applications.
Applications
You can find all Android apps at the top level, write your app and install it at that level. Examples of such applications are contacts, books, browsers, services, etc. Each application has a different role in general applications
Android operating system vs. Apple iOS
Android and iOS are the two leading mobile operating systems, each offering distinct features and experiences.
Customization and User Interface:
Android provides extensive customization options, allowing users to personalize their devices with widgets, themes, and various app launchers. This flexibility enables a tailored user experience. In contrast, iOS emphasizes a minimalist and streamlined interface, focusing on simplicity and ease of use. While it offers limited customization, this approach contributes to a consistent and user-friendly environment.
Hardware and Device Variety:
Android is implemented across a wide range of devices from various manufacturers, providing consumers with numerous choices in terms of price points and hardware specifications. This diversity allows users to select devices that best fit their preferences and budgets. Conversely, iOS is exclusive to Apple’s devices, such as iPhones and iPads, which are typically positioned in the premium segment. This exclusivity ensures a high level of integration between hardware and software but limits options for consumers seeking more affordable alternatives.
App Ecosystem and Quality:
Both platforms boast extensive app stores with millions of applications. The Apple App Store is known for its stringent review process, which often results in high-quality and optimized apps. The Google Play Store offers a broader range of applications, including those that may not meet the same level of scrutiny, providing users with a wider selection but potentially varying quality.
Software Updates and Support:
Apple provides timely and consistent software updates across its devices, ensuring users have access to the latest features and security patches. This uniformity is facilitated by the limited number of devices in Apple’s ecosystem. In contrast, Android updates can be fragmented due to the multitude of manufacturers and device models, leading to delays and inconsistencies in software support.
Security and Privacy:
iOS is often praised for its robust security measures and strict app review policies, which contribute to a secure user environment. Android’s open-source nature and broader app acceptance policies can expose it to higher risks of malware and security vulnerabilities. However, both platforms have implemented features to enhance user privacy and data protection.
Market Share and User Loyalty:
As of recent data, Android holds a significant global market share, with 70.79% compared to iOS’s 28.44%. Despite this, both platforms exhibit high customer retention rates, with Android at 91% and iOS at 86%, indicating strong user loyalty.
